Wireless Communications Questions and Answers

• Antennas Brief tutorial Antennas are simply lengths of conductive metal that radiate radio signals into the air. Most common antennas are designed to be one-quarter, sometimes one-half, the wavelength of the radio signal they are to transmit/receive.
   

• A two-way wireless system is one in which the flow of information can go in two directions. A transceiver at Point A can send analog and discrete updates to Point B as well as receive them from Point B. Likewise, a transceiver at Point B can both send and receive updates.
   

• Point-to-point transmission involves only two wireless devices. Information travels between Point A and Point B with no intermediary or other receiver.
   

• One-way wireless system is one in which the flow of information can only go in one direction. A transmitter at Point A can send analog and discrete updates, but cannot receive any. Likewise, a receiver at Point B can receive information, but cannot send any.
   

• One-way signal duplication is also referred to as point-to-multipoint transmission. Analog and discrete updates are sent from Point A, any combination of outputs can be received at Points B and C.
   

• Frequency-hopping" Frequency-hopping, spread spectrum (FHSS) radio is the method by which we move our GENERALCOMMUNICAIONS.COM radio control signals from transmitter to receiver. The other two types of radios available on the market today are fixed frequency and direct sequence. Fixed-frequency radios require a government-issued license in order to operate and have a fixed bandwidth in which to send their signals.
   

• Reliability of Radio for Monitoring and Control in Industrial Environments The Wireless radio technology has long been used in the form of fixed frequency radio in our homes and cars and to transmit data in industrial applications. Operation requires a government license that theoretically prevents other broadcast signals inside the "bandwidth" and territory covered by that license.
   

• Terms of Underwriters Laboratories (UL) standards. Safe products are rated UL Class I, Division 1 and Groups C and D; Class II, Division 1 and Groups E, F and G; and temperature code T3.
   

• HotSpots Questions and Answers
   

• Antennas Tutorial: Antennas are simply lengths of conductive metal that radiate radio signals into the air. Most common antennas are designed to be one-quarter, sometimes one-half, the wavelength of the radio signal they are to transmit/receive. Wavelength is calculated with the formula: Wavelength (meters) = 300/frequency (MHz).
   

Case Study:

• Education solutions by General Communications and Case Study
   

• Health Care solutions by GeneralCommunications
   

• Last Mile Access Economical Solutions for Last Mile Access and Campus Networking from Proxim-GeneralCommunications
  
   

General Communications OEM Success

Power Management / Energy Conservation Public utility operations have been revolutionized through the use of automatic meter reading (AMR), government controlled and private public utility organizations are reaping the benefits of up-to-the-minute usage statistics and the ability to monitor and control utility access points remotely. Public utilities can collect meter data wirelessly simply by driving a data collection vehicle through business and residential areas, or the same information can be gathered up-to-the-minute from out in the field when a city deploys a wireless municipal private network.

Public Safety Vehicles Collecting and managing all of the information necessary for an effective fleet management system is an arduous process at best. City fleet managers are learning they can automate much of the process and collect up-to-the-minute and logged data wirelessly, eliminating much of the time spent pooling, analyzing and reporting on vehicle data. Public safety vehicles can be equipped with GPS devices to log routes and time spent at various locations. Vehicle mileage and other aging measurements can also be logged then transmitted wirelessly to the fleet manager's computer. On board systems in vehicles can also track inventory, such as water levels or medical supplies, and transmit the information wirelessly to storeroom and other inventory managers. These data gathering solutions can provide tremendous savings by virtually eliminating the long hours spent gathering the same information manually from fleets of vehicles. Automatically transmit vehicle data and inventories Vehicles can automatically transmit the day's logged information when entering the fleet yard. Alternatively, the same information can be gathered up-to-the-minute from out in the field when a city deploys a wireless municipal private network. GCGCGCGCGCMaxStream wireless OEM modules and stand-alone radio modems provide transparent, easy to integrate, RF connections for fleet management systems. The long range , low power , low cost and advanced networking solutions provided by GCGCGCGCGCMaxStream help systems designers make these robust connections affordable.

Heavy Equipment Large Construction Vehicles Wireless monitoring and data collection from vehicles is a growing trend, saving millions providing for productivity increases and preventive maintenance warnings. Some of today's large industrial vehicles will receive information wirelessly from many data collection points. Fleet managers use this information to make complicated analysis regarding vehicle usage and wear. GCGCGCGCGCMaxStream provides long range, reliable communications for these vehicle related applications. Productivity increases and preventive maintenance warnings One of our customers has already provided a complete return on investment to a company that purchased thousands of wireless data collection points on a national fleet of heavy construction-type vehicles.

HVAC Environmental controls Lighting, temperature and other building controls help save utility usage and maintenance costs. Both new buildings and older buildings benefit from wireless environmental control systems. Wireless monitoring and control systems remove expensive installation costs where wiring is difficult, extensive or part of a retrofit design. GCGCGCGCGCMaxStream RF products have the ability to communicated through walls and other obstructions. GCGCGCGCGCMaxStream's high receiver sensitivity allow for successful communication in environments where many other RF solutions fail.

Oil & Gas  Petroleum Tank Monitoring An electronic sensor box records the levels of Petroleum based fluids in large tanks scattered throughout a refinery and storage compound. The cost of running twisted pair wire to all the tanks is prohibitive due to installation & maintenance costs and the fact that it is common for tank to be located across asphalt or concrete driveways. To overcome the issues associated with running twisted pair the GCGCGCGCGCMaxStream OEM module was incorporated into the sensor box to provide a wireless means to transport the fluid level data. Multiple tanks can be monitored and the levels reported and recorded back at a single PC located in the office. Because the sensor box was located in the tank along with the flammable gases and liquids, all the electronics had to meet the standards for intrinsic safety. The customer was trying to get Class 1 Div 1 group D approval for the entire product. During the design cycle, GC engineers helped out with design reviews and trouble shooting of the interface to the radio to enable the fastest time to market. Also, the design required capacitors for intrinsic safety on the RF output. The recommended capacitors were tested on a network analyzer at GCGCGCGCGCMaxStream to ensure that they would not significantly reduce the transmit power and receive sensitivity of the radios. The product met approvals and has been installed at multiple facilities.

Private Networks Wireless Municipal Networks Cities can capitalize on a multitude of uses for the same RF private network. Once a network is in place, systems involving drinking and irrigation water, sewage, electricity, natural gas and the like, can be monitored remotely saving a tremendous amount of time and money. The savings occur by reducing expenses related to vehicles, travel to-and-from monitoring sites and lag time waiting for data to be returned and analyzed. RF monitoring makes up-to-the-minute analysis and reporting a cost saving reality. Public safety can utilize existing private networks to monitor dangerous intersections, pull license plate information and track the GPS position of police and other city vehicles. Wireless private networks can allow police officers to remotely access information without the expensive set-up and monthly fees associated with cell phone modems. The monitoring and expense-saving benefits for public safety add value to a city's RF private network. Public utilities can dramatically reduce the costs (personnel, vehicles, time lag, etc.) associated with business and residential meter reading when accessing wireless private networks. Up-to-the-minute usage statistics and automated reporting allow for more accurate billing, service account set-up and cancellation. The power and gas industries have already realized million of dollars in savings by deploying automated meter reading systems. Monitoring and control on RF private networks can be taken to street lights, environmental settings of city buildings and parking lots, fleet management, inventory and warehousing, point-of-sale-systems, and much more. Many of these applications would not be feasible without RF capabilities. While some of these applications could potentially be connected by wires and data cables, the materials, installation and maintenance costs associated would make such projects too costly. RF private networks involve line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight connections. GCGCGCGCMaxStream wireless OEM modules and stand-alone radio modems provide long range , low power , low cost and advanced networking solutions that make these connections possible.

Street side Displays Installation costs for wiring street side displays can be very costly when considering trenching and weatherproof cabling to complete the job. As a lower cost solution, GCGCGCGCGCMaxStream radio modems are used to make the data communication link between the controlling PC and the street side display. The data which has to be displayed is received from a separate system which is usually located in a convenience store or fuel pump office. A serial bus is used for the communication between the two devices. GCGCGCGCGCMaxStream radio modems provide serial communications in an out-of-the-box functional solution, simplifying integration for the system designer and the field technician installing the system. No RF experience is needed to implement this solution. Live Data Streaming Displays We are truly living in the age of information. But not all information is created equal when it comes to critical information. When it is received and where it is displayed is just as important as the content of the information itself.   GCGCGCGCGCMaxStream's 9XStream stand-alone radio modems enable consumers of mission critical, real time, streaming financial market information to cut the wires and put that information where they need it… in plain sight. It used to be that the live data feed of market information appeared on a PC that was subscribed to the information server. Then an improvement was made, that information could be displayed on a monitor that was hard wired to that same PC. But special care had to be taken to assure the correct wiring was installed during the construction of the building. If that monitor was to be installed after initial construction, wiring would need to be strung through an existing building. The options were to tear out the walls and start over, or run conduit and unsightly wires to connect the monitor. Not bad if you're in a warehouse, but what about an office environment? And after all of that, the monitor still had to be in same vicinity at the PC. To accomplish this task, all you need to do is plug a GC9XStream-PKG into the PC with the live data feed, and another GC9XStream-PKG directly into the monitor itself, and you're done. This is not just a single monitor solution; you can broadcast that information to as many sites as you wish (within range), either individually, as groups, or all at once. So cut the wires and display information mission critical information when and where you need it, to one point or multiple points. With GCGCGCGCGCMaxStream's 9xStream PKG, there is no construction or remodel costs, no need to run special network cables, only live data.

Handheld Terminals  Scanners & More Handheld terminals provide a premium example of how OEMs can take advantage of GCGCGCGCGCMaxStream's low power and long range. GCGCGCGCMaxStream RF modules are optimized for battery powered applications with transmit power consumption as low as 55 mA, receive mode as low as 35 mA, and sleep modes consuming as low as 20 µA. Handheld terminals are typically limited to a very small communication area, usually 30 to 100 feet. However, GCGCGCGCGCMaxStream enabled handheld terminals have range that can extend many times beyond the typical handheld device, greatly enhancing the flexibility in the implementation of handheld applications. One of our customers has GCGCGCGCGCMaxStream RF modules integrated into several of its handheld terminals and are deploying them throughout the world. The compact size (smaller than a credit card) of GCGCGCGCGCMaxStream RF modules with its simple serial interface make integration easy.

Remote Monitoring Remote monitoring takes many forms from sensors monitoring on plant floors and in harsh environments to automated meter reading (AMR) of public utility meters. Wireless remote monitoring is currently saving industries millions of dollars each year by providing up-to-the-minute information that previously had to be gathered by personnel traveling to each remote sensor or meter location. One of our customers provides remote monitoring hardware and reporting services to advise primarily on critical dam and reservoir water levels with other important data.

SCADA Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) is becoming more important as the costs for computers and SCADA software has declined. Industrial production managers have come to rely upon the ease with which they can monitor and control their site from their office computer or a laptop, while generating up-to-the-minute operational reports and productivity statistics. They can monitor and control their site from their office GCGCGCMaxStream wireless OEM modules and stand-alone radio modems allow systems integrators to make affordable, transparent wireless links into new SCADA installations and legacy systems. Integrators can benefit from the ability of GCGCGCMaxStream products to make long range wireless RS-232/422/485 connections. One of our customers easily demonstrates GCGCGCMaxStream wireless connections while using the popular WonderWare SCADA software package over a Modbus network.

Warehousing Material handlers and warehouse managers are benefiting from electronic tagging of inventory. Pick-and-place systems and mobile material handling devices can more quickly store and retrieve inventory while logging important statistical information. GCGCMaxStream wireless products provide connections in warehouses where data cables and other wiring is difficult to impractical. One of our customers monitors forklift activity, including GPS positioning, while cross referencing it to specific operator work schedules and mechanical control preferences.

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